                            By Apolo Kakaire

Every year on 28 September, the world commemorates the International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI). This Day was initially proclaimed by the UNESCO General Conference in 2015, following the adoption of the 38 C/Resolution 57 that declared 28 September of every year as the International Day for Universal Access to Information and was first commemorated in 2016. The official theme for IDUAI 2020 is “The Right to Information in Times of Crisis: Access to Information – Saving Lives, Building Trust, Bringing Hope!”
Access to information is a fundamental and cross-cutting human right recognised by international human rights instruments including article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; articles 13(1) and 17 of the Declaration on the Rights of the Child. Article 19 of the UDHR states that, “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.”
At the regional level, the right to access information is enshrined in article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) which states that “Every individual shall have the right to receive information and the right to express and disseminate his/her opinions within the law”.
The Model Law on Access to Information for Africa (2013), the Guidelines on Access to Information and Elections in Africa (2017), and the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in Africa (2019) are the other instruments that guarantee this right.
This robust framework of instruments promoting the right of access to information underscores the importance of this right in promoting accountability, transparency, and empowering citizens to realize their fundamental rights.
In Uganda, the right to access information is enshrined in Article 41 of the Constitution (1995) which provides that, “Every citizen has a right of access to information in the possession of the state or any other organ of the state except where the release of the information is likely to interfere with the security of the state or the right to the privacy of any other person”.
Uganda was among the first African countries to enact a right to information law, the Access to Information Act (ATIA), 2005 and later the Access to Information Regulations, 2011. The Act was enacted to promote the right to access information, promote an efficient, effective, transparent and accountable Government and to enable the public to effectively access and participate in decisions that affect them as citizens of the country.
When making a request for access to information, one has to follow certain procedures. One must comply with certain conditions, including amongst other things filling out specific forms.
A government body also has obligations and has to put in place procedures to facilitate the handling of requests. Any person that wants to make a request is entitled to receive support from the government body to facilitate the request, and in principle a request has to be processed within a period of 21 days.
Every government body should have an information officer that is responsible for following these procedures. The information officer has to make available information on these procedures. The officer also is responsible for making available information on what can be accessed by the public without the need to make a request.
Since the enactment of ATIA and its enabling regulations, the Government of Uganda has taken significant steps to promote the right of access to information through a number of programmes and initiatives such as: The establishment of the Ministry of ICT and National Guidance (MoICT&NG) with a mandate to formulate and implement ICT policies; sustain, manage and oversee ICT infrastructure in the country among others.
The Government of Uganda rolled out a Government Communication Strategy in a bid to establish an effective, well-coordinated and proactive communication system across Government and with the public. As part of the strategy, the government secured public education airtime on radio stations in every district across the country to sensitise the public on service delivery and development issues.
Government also established the Government Citizens Interaction Centre (GCIC) to enhance the monitoring of service delivery and provide a channel for feedback and suggestions from the general public.
Despite all these initiatives, access to vital information by citizens remains a big challenge. In principle, the right of access to information in Uganda covers all information held by government bodies and agencies. However, certain types of information or information held by certain government bodies are exempted where access to that information could infringe on other important interests. For example, cabinet records, information that could infringe on a person’s right to privacy, endanger the national security of Uganda or commercial information provided by a third party are exempted from the right to access to information.
Secondly, there has been noncompliance, by Ministers, with section 43 of the ATIA which requires every minister to submit an annual report to parliament on requests for records or for access to information made to public bodies under his or her ministry, indicating granted or rejected requests and reasons for rejection. However, there has never been such a report from ministers since 2005 when the Law was passed.
There is also widespread ignorance about the ATIA law which has affected the enjoyment of this law. Government information officers routinely deny or delay to respond to citizens’ requests for information. Delays, cripple the usability of information, especially for journalists, but also mean that vital stories cannot be published by the media.
The AskYourGov Uganda www.askyourgov.ug online portal was established in 2014 as an initiative of the Government of Uganda in collaboration with Africa Freedom of Information Centre (AFIC) and the Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA).

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